Pictorial Circuit Diagrams

Sketch connecting wires such that the relay will energize when the normally-open (NO) pushbutton switch is pressed. Be sure to wire the relay in such a way that voltage will appear in the polarities shown by the (+) and (-) marks:

Sketch connecting wires such that the relay will energize when the normally-open (NO) pushbutton switch is pressed. Be sure to wire the relay in such a way that current (conventional flow) follows the directions indicated by the arrows:

Sketch connecting wires such that the relay will energize and turn on the lamp when the normally-open (NO) pushbutton switch is pressed. Use the following schematic diagram as a guide:

Note how the relay coil and lamp are separate (parallel) branches in this circuit. The pushbutton switch only carries the coil current, while the relay’s switch contact only carries the lamp current.

{\bullet} Suppose the battery is rated at 12 volts, the lamp has a resistance of 3.2 ohms when energized, and the relay coil has a wire resistance of 240 ohms. Calculate the amount of current carried by the switch when it is pressed.

Sketch connecting wires such that the relay will energize and turn on the lamp when the normally-open (NO) pushbutton switch is pressed. Be sure to wire the relay in such a way that current (conventional flow) follows the directions indicated by the arrows, and that the switch only carries relay coil current (no lamp current in addition to coil current):

Sketch connecting wires such that the relay will energize and turn the lamp off when the normally-open (NO) pushbutton switch is pressed (i.e. the lamp should be on only when the pushbutton switch is not being pressed).

Be sure to wire the relay in such a way that the switch only carries relay coil current (no lamp current in addition to coil current):

Sketch connecting wires such that the relay will select one of two different thermocouples to send millivoltage signals to a temperature indicator. Use the following schematic diagram as a guide:

Draw connecting wires that will create a {\it series} circuit, such that the loop-powered pressure transmitter will drive the ammeter to indicate pressure:

Draw connecting wires that will create a {\it series} circuit, such that the loop-powered pressure transmitter will drive both ammeters to indicate pressure:

Some models of the “MicroLogix” series of programmable logic controller (PLC) manufactured by Allen-Bradley come equipped with analog inputs, designed to receive either voltage or current signals from analog sensors. Examine the internal resistances of the analog inputs (IA/0, IA/1, IA/2, and IA/3) to determine which are designed to input voltage signals and which are designed to input current signals.

Hint: think in terms of the input resistances of voltmeters and ammeters. Which of these test instrument types are known for having very large input resistance values? Which of these test instrument types are known for having very small input resistance values?

Assuming the three sensors shown all have internal power sources (no need for an external DC power supply to make them output their respective signals), draw connecting wires between these sensors and the appropriate inputs on the PLC.

Draw connecting wires between the 4-20 mA loop-powered pressure transmitter, the 24 VDC power supply, and the “PV input” of the Honeywell controller so that the controller registers the measured pressure as its process variable (PV):

Draw connecting wires between the 4-20 mA loop-powered pressure transmitter, the 24 VDC power supply, and “Analog input #1” of the Honeywell UDC2500 controller so that the controller registers the measured pressure as its process variable (PV):

Sketch connecting wires to allow this data acquisition unit (DAQ) to sense the voltage produced by the solar cell, on input channel #2:

Your circuit should be wired in such a way that greater light intensity falling on the cell produces a more positive signal measured by the DAQ.

Draw connecting wires between the 4-20 mA self-powered (4-wire) level transmitter, the 24 VDC power supply, and “Analog input #1” of the Honeywell UDC2500 controller so that the controller registers the measured level as its process variable (PV). Assume the 4-wire transmitter’s analog output is the sourcing type:

Sketch connecting wires so that this DAQ unit will register an increasing positive voltage on channel 2 as the potentiometer shaft is turned clockwise:

Sketch connecting wires so that this DAQ unit will register an increasing positive voltage on channel 5 as the potentiometer wiper moves to the left:

Sketch connecting wires so that this DAQ unit will register an increasing negative voltage on channel 1 as the potentiometer shaft is turned clockwise:

Determine how to connect this DAQ unit to measure the output voltage of the Wheatstone bridge in such a way that an increasing compression on the strain gauge causes a positive indication at channel 3 of the DAQ, and that the same DAQ channel will register zero when the strain gauge is at rest:

Sketch connecting wires to allow this data acquisition unit (DAQ) to sense strain using quarter-bridge strain gauge circuits on input channels #0 and #3, such that increasing tension on the strain gauge (increasing gauge resistance) generates a more positive signal voltage on each channel:

Suppose we wished to use this DAQ unit to measure the peak inverse voltage across diode $D_3$ during operation of the power supply circuit. Identify how we should connect channel 1 of the DAQ to do this, assuming we want the DAQ to register a positive value at the moment in time of the diode’s peak inverse voltage:

Identify suitable input terminals, proper modes, and necessary connecting wires to allow this National Instruments E-series data acquisition unit (DAQ) to sense the two voltage sources shown:

The available modes for the input channels are RSE, NRSE, and DIFF:

$$\begin{array} {|l|l|} \hline Channel & Mode & First terminal & Second terminal \\ \hline 0 & & & \\ \hline 1 & & & \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Here, a temperature sensor called an RTD is used to translate ambient temperature into a proportional resistance. This in turn is converted into a proportional voltage signal by a constant current fed through the RTD by the current source:

Determine how to connect the first analog input channel this DAQ to measure the RTD’s voltage drop, but in such a way that voltage dropped along the cable’s length will not affect the measurement. Also, determine whether this DAQ should be configured for single-ended or differential input

Draw connecting wires to create a parallel circuit, such that voltage will drop across each resistor in the polarity shown by the (+) and (-) symbols:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 1.5 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 1.5 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit with all the components shown:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 6 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 6 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit, such that current (conventional flow notation) will follow the directions shown by the arrows near each resistor:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 12 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 12 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit, such that current (conventional flow notation) will follow the directions shown by the arrows near each resistor:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 3 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 3 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit, such that current (conventional flow notation) will follow the directions shown by the arrows near each resistor:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 4 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 4 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit, such that current (conventional flow notation) will follow the directions shown by the arrows near each resistor:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 8 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 8 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit with the three resistors and battery:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 15 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 15 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit with the three resistors and battery:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 12 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 12 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit, such that current (conventional flow notation) will follow the directions shown by the arrows near each resistor:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 10 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 10 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit, such that current (conventional flow notation) will follow the directions shown by the arrows near each resistor:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 7 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 7 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit, such that voltage will drop across each resistor in the polarity shown by the (+) and (-) symbols:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 1.5 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 1.5 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit with all the components shown:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 9 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 9 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Resistors $R_1$ and $R_2$ are connected in parallel by virtue of being attached to the same two terminals on the terminal strip. Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit between the parallel ${R_1 \over R_2$ pair and the lone resistor $R_3$, such that voltage will drop across each resistor in the polarity shown by the (+) and (-) symbols:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 11 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 11 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit between all three resistors, such that current (conventional flow notation) will go through each resistor as shown by the arrows:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 14 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 14 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit between all three resistors, such that current (conventional flow notation) will go through each resistor as shown by the arrows:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 18 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 18 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a parallel circuit, such that voltage will drop across each resistor in the polarity shown by the (+) and (-) symbols:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 2 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 2 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series-parallel circuit, such that the voltage dropped across $R_1$ will be twice as much as the voltage dropped across $R_2$ or $R_3$. Make sure each resistor drops voltage in the polarity shown by the (+) and (-) symbols:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 12 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 12 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Draw connecting wires that will create a series-parallel circuit, such that the voltage dropped across $R_1$ will be twice as much as the voltage dropped across $R_2$ or $R_3$. Make sure each resistor passes current (conventional flow notation) in the directions as shown by the arrows:

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 18 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the voltage dropped by each resistor.

{\bullet} Supposing the battery has a voltage of 18 volts, and all resistors are 1 kΩ in resistance value, calculate the current passing through each resistor as well as the current passing through the battery.

Suppose we needed to connect a resistor in series with a sensitive analog meter movement to range that meter for a certain maximum voltage, and we were going to make all connections using a terminal strip. Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit between the meter and the resistor, such that polarity of the applied voltage will be correct for the meter with the red test lead being positive and the black test lead being negative:

Suppose we needed to connect a variable resistor in series with a sensitive analog meter movement to range that meter for a certain maximum voltage, and we were going to make all connections using a terminal strip. Draw connecting wires that will create a series circuit between the meter and two terminals of the potentiometer, such that polarity of the applied voltage will be correct for the meter with the red test lead being positive and the black test lead being negative:

Determine whether moving the potentiometer knob clockwise will increase or decrease the sensitivity of this analog voltmeter:

{\bullet} Which way would we need to turn the potentiometer in order to make the voltmeter have a higher range (i.e. full-scale deflection represents a greater measured voltage value than before)