In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
Textbook
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
Textbook
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook