All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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