A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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