The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
Textbook
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
Textbook
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin