Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
Textbook
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
Textbook
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
Textbook
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
Textbook
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
Textbook
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
Textbook
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
Textbook
The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
Textbook
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
Textbook
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
Textbook
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
Textbook
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin