Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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