A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
Textbook
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
Textbook
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
Textbook
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
Textbook
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin