Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
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