First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
Textbook
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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