“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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