RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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