Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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