The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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