There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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