Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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