A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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