Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
Textbook
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
Textbook
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
Textbook
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
Textbook
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
Textbook
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
Textbook
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin