(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
Textbook
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
Textbook
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
Textbook
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
Textbook
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
Textbook
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
Textbook
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
Textbook
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
Textbook
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
Textbook
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
Textbook
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
Textbook
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin