“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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