Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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