An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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