“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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