A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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