A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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