Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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