Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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