Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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