Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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