A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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