A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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