RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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