(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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