Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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