In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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