Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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