Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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