“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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