Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
Textbook
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
Textbook
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
Textbook
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
Textbook
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
Textbook
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin