Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
Textbook
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
Textbook
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
Textbook
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
Textbook
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
Textbook
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
Textbook
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
Textbook
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
Textbook
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin