One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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