An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a fairly simple method involving operational…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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