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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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