“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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