Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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