Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
Textbook
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
Textbook
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
Textbook
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
Textbook
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin