Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
Textbook
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
Textbook
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
Textbook
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
Textbook
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
Textbook
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
Textbook
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
Textbook
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
Textbook
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
Textbook
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
Textbook
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
Textbook
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
Textbook
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
Textbook
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook