Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
Textbook
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
Textbook
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
Textbook
Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
Textbook
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
Textbook
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
Textbook
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
Textbook
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
Textbook
What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
Textbook
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
Textbook
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
Textbook
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
Textbook
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin