Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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