Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
Textbook
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
Textbook
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
Textbook
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
Textbook
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
Textbook
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
Textbook
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
Textbook
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
Textbook
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin