All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
Textbook
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
Textbook
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
Textbook
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
Textbook
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
Textbook