All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical world as calculus:…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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