Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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