One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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