By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
Textbook
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
Textbook
All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
Textbook
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
Textbook
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
Textbook
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
Textbook
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
Textbook
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin