The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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