Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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