Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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