Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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