For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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