Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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