In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
Textbook
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
Textbook
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
Textbook
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
Textbook
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
Textbook
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
Textbook
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
Textbook
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
Textbook
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
Textbook
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
Textbook
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
Textbook
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
Textbook
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin