“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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