A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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