Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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