Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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