Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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