Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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