The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To the layperson, this may seem to be a…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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