Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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