A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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