Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and derivatives, referencing the expression and…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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