RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms or…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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