“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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