“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial instrumentation systems (as of this…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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