“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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